Surgical management of hidradenitis suppurativa: procedural trends and risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic debilitating cutaneous disorder. The recalcitrant nature of this disease may require surgery in severe cases. We aimed to delineate the types of operations performed, the risk factors associated with these operations, and the surgical services involved based on a national database. METHODS: Data were collected through the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2011 to 2016. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, (ICD-9) codes were used for data extraction and analysis as type of surgery and complication rates were extracted. RESULTS: There were 2594 patients diagnosed with HS: 1405 (54.2%) incision and drainage, 1017 (39.2%) debridement, 31 (1.2%) skin graft, and 141 (5.4%) flap reconstruction. There were significant differences in transfusion rates and operation time among the four procedures. Skin graft and flap reconstruction had the highest complications and longest operation time. Bleeding requiring preoperative transfusion and a number of comorbidities were significant risk factors for postoperative complications. Flap reconstructions by plastic surgeons compared to general surgeons had significantly shorter operation times (134.89 versus 209.82 min, P = 0.022) and lower transfusion rates (2.2% versus 12.8%, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The management of HS can be complex and may require a multidisciplinary approach. Bleeding requiring preoperative transfusion and other baseline comorbidities are independent risk factors that should be addressed when definitive surgical treatment of hidradenitis is planned. Appropriate surgical specialty involvement may better optimize the surgical outcomes for HS.

Nuestra técnica de colgajo miocutáneo de pectoral mayor para reconstrucción de defectos cervicales / Our technique of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of cervical defects

Introducción y Objetivos. Las técnicas actuales para reconstrucción de cabeza y cuello se basan principalmente en colgajos libres, fasciocutáneos o viscerales según el defecto. La evolución de la microcirugía ha relegado a un segundo plano a los colgajos pediculados. El colgajo miocutáneo pediculado de pectoral mayor ha sido uno de los más empleados hasta que se ha extendido el uso de los colgajos libres. Las desventajas que presenta, tales como su volumen o sus secuelas funcionales y estéticas, son responsables de su desuso actual. Presentamos una modificación de la técnica clásica del pectoral mayor para minimizar sus desventajas. Material y Método. Hacemos una descripción técnica de la modificación desarrollada por Márquez-Cañada del colgajo de pectoral mayor para reconstrucción de defectos cervicales y un estudio descriptivo sobre un grupo de pacientes sometidos a la misma. Resultados. Recogimos 6 casos, 5 varones y 1 mujer (edad media de 52.5 años), en los que se empleó la técnica descrita. El defecto más frecuente (66.7%) fue el faringostoma secundario a laringuectomía total y vaciamiento cervical por carcinoma epidermoide de laringe. Tiempo medio entre intervenciones quirúrgicas de 5 semanas. En 2 casos hubo como complicación serohematoma en zona donante tras el primer tiempo quirúrgico, No hubo pérdida de injertos ni necrosis, fístulas o estenosis secundarias. Resultado estético aceptable; los pacientes conservaron movilidad completa del brazo. Conclusiones. Observamos una reducción en el número de complicaciones respecto del uso del pectoral mayor clásico y los colgajos libres Creemos que la modificación técnica que presentamos, por su reproducibilidad y su baja tasa de complicaciones, podría emplearse en reconstrucción de cuello como colgajo de elección en pacientes de alto riesgo, no candidatos a técnicas microquirúrgicas (AU)

Background and Objective. Current techniques for head and neck reconstruction are mainly based on free flaps, fasciocutaneous or visceral according to the defect. The evolution of microsurgery has relegated to the background the pedicled flaps. The pedicled myocutaneous pectoralis major flap has been one of the most employed until the generalization of free flaps. Their disadvantages such as bulky or functional and aesthetic sequelae, are responsible for its current disuse. We present a modification to the classic technique of pectoralis major flap to reduce its disadvantages. Methods. We make a technical description of the modification developed by Márquez-Cañada of the pectoralis major flap for cervical defects reconstruction and a descriptive study on a group of patients submitted to it. Results. We collected 6 cases, 5 males and 1 females (mean age 52.5 years), in which the described technique was used. The most frequent defect (66.7%) was the pharyngostoma secondary to total laryngectomy and cervical emptying secondary a epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx. Mean time between surgeries was 5-week. In 2 cases, there was serohematoma in the donor site after the first surgical time. There was no loss of grafts or necrosis, fistulas or secondary stenoses. Acceptable esthetic result; patients maintained complete arm mobility. Conclusions. We observed a reduction in the number of complications with respect to the use of the classic pectoralis and free flaps. We believe that the technical modification that we present, due to its reproducibility and its low complication rate, could be used in neck reconstruction as a flap of choice in patients of high risk, not candidates for microsurgical techniques (AU)

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